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P a g e 3 0 • D R I - S T E E M D e s i g n G u i d e

D R I - S T E E M D e s i g n G u i d e • P a g e 3 1

Choose energy source wisely

A pound of water requires approximately 1,000 BTUs to vaporize.

Given that proper humidification typically requires vaporizing

two to three pounds of water for every 100 cfm of outside air

introduced into the system, humidification energy use ranges from

2,000 to 3,000 BTUs per 100 cfm of outside air.

A kilogram of water requires approximately 2.4 kJ to vaporize.

Given that proper humidification typically requires vaporizing

1.5 to 2.5 kilograms of water for every 100 m

/h of outside air

introduced into the system, humidification energy use ranges from

3.5 kJ to 5.8 kJ per 100 m

/h of outside air.

Two major types of humidifiers

• Isothermal systems use heat from an external source to create

humidity. Electricity, natural gas, hot water, and boiler steam

are isothermal heat sources used to boil water into steam for

humidification.

The table on Page 32 shows DRI-STEEM’s isothermal humidifiers

described by energy type.

• Adiabatic systems use heat from the surrounding air to change

water into vapor for humidification (evaporation). Foggers,

ultrasonic, and pezio disk humidifiers are typical adiabatic

systems.

Why choose isothermal humidification?

• Choose isothermal humidification if you require predictable,

controllable, and short absorption distances. Adiabatic systems

require long absorption distances and often do not provide

complete absorption in typical HVAC applications.

• Choose isothermal humidification if you have low air

temperatures in your ducts. Adiabatic humidification requires

very warm or preheated air for absorption to occur.

• Choose isothermal humidification if there is an on-site boiler

or hot water source. Direct steam injection or a heat-exchanger

type isothermal system may be most appropriate. Consider

DRI-STEEM’s:

– Steam injection humidifiers: ULTRA-SORB, MAXI-BANK,

Multiple-Tube, MINI-BANK, Single-Tube, or AREA-TYPE

– STS Steam-to-Steam (with heat exchanger) evaporative steam

humidifier

– LTS Liquid-to-Steam (with heat exchanger) evaporative steam

humidifier

See also the text at left for more detail about choices when using

on-site steam.

S e l e c t e n e r g y s o u r c e

Choices when using on-site steam

Using on-site steam for humidification can

be a good economic choice. Pressurized

steam can be injected directly into the

airstream, or passed through a heat

exchanger to heat potable, softened, or

DI/RO water for humidification steam.

Chemically-treated boiler steam may affect

indoor air quality. Many humidifier users

are finding that chemically treated, boiler-

generated steam is unsuitable for direct

injection humidification. This is because

boiler water is treated with anticorrosion

chemicals that are then emitted with the

steam into the occupied space. These

chemicals can irritate eyes and skin and

aggravate respiratory disorders such as

asthma. In addition, they can accelerate the

aging process of certain materials like paper

and wood, an issue especially relevant to

museums.

When designing your humidification system

using boiler steam, consider a closed loop

system such as DRI-STEEM’S STS Steam-to-

Steam humidifier to prevent the discharge of

chemically treated steam into your building.

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